This series of events is called “adipose tissue remodeling”. These events could cause the dysregulation of adipose tissue, such as adipocyte death (efferocytosis), adipogenesis, or angiogenesis. In response to energy overload, adipocytes dynamically undergo remodeling, thereby altering the adipocyte number/size and stromal vascular-cell recruitment in adipose tissue, including immune cells. Previously, adipose tissue was considered to be a simple energy reservoir however, it is currently regarded as a tissue regulating whole-body metabolism. Although there are several available Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmaceuticals for combating obesity, its prevalence still remains high. Unhealthy, obese individuals have not only tried long-term plans for weight loss such as a modification of lifestyle, but also the surgical and/or medicinal interventions. High consumption of nutrient-dense food such as a high-fat (HF) diet or a high-sugar diet induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage which results in chronic low-grade inflammation status in the body.
Many ongoing studies are actively studying mechanisms to decrease energy overconsumption and increase energy dissipation to prevent energy imbalance.
Excessive fat accumulation is characterized by obesity and occurs when energy consumption is higher than energy expenditure. Obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions world-wide, can cause a number of complications (elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance etc.). Taken together, our work demonstrated that ginger supplementation attenuated HF-diet-mediated obesity and adipocyte remodeling in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, the HF+G group showed high levels of the fatty-acid oxidation gene, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which was accompanied by a reduction in adipocyte inflammatory gene expression. HF-mediated adipocyte hypertrophy with increased lipogenic levels was significantly improved by ginger supplementation. Next, we investigated whether ginger modulates adipocyte remodeling. Ginger supplementation significantly improved HF-diet-induced BW gain, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hepatic steatosis without altering food intake. The HF diet increased body weight (BW) and BW gain, as well as fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and hepatic lipid levels, compared to the LF diet-fed group. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to three diets for 7 weeks: low fat (LF, 16% kcal from fat), HF (HF, 60% kcal from fat), or HF with 5% ginger powder in diet (HF + G). In this study, we hypothesized that ginger supplementation inhibits high-fat (HF)-diet-mediated obesity. Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiobesity effects, but the role of ginger in modulating adipocyte metabolism is largely unknown. Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, which is an active endocrine organ regulating energy metabolism.
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